Tuesday, March 24, 2020
Arab Spring in North Africa and the Middle East
Arab spring is an anti-government opposition that occurred in North Africa and the Middle East. It is a revolution that caused changes within nations. It happened in many Arabian nations within the Middle East and those in North Africa.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Arab Spring in North Africa and the Middle East specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Among countries that were touched by this revolution are Yemen, Syria, Libya, Tunisia, Egypt among others. The revolutions evolved in these nations as war between two conflicting groups, and it went far to touch on citizens at the lowest level. In Egypt, it started as a political revolt against the then reining president. Revolts starts as demonstrations, first for few people then masses are out in the street in support of the side they choose. In many times, there are two strongly conflicting sides. One side of these conflicts involves those who are keen to maintain th e status quo while the other group targets to bring change. This paper explores the subject of Arab Spring using the case study of Libya, a country in North Africa. The conflict saw the then Libyan president overthrown from power. In Libya, conflicts started as tension that had risen from the leadership of the late Mummar Gadhafi; he had a system of leadership that divided the citizens to make it easier to rule them. The citizens of Libya were left to fight for resources that were made scarce by Mummar’s government. Libyans from the entire nation were kept away from benefitting from oil production in the country. Revolutions in a nation have political, social, and economic linkages. Members of a social group feel that they have been represented by the people in leadership or that their concerns are not put into considerations. They cause a movement that stand in opposition of the government in attempt to acquire resources by force. This is what happened to the people of Begha zi in Libya who felt that the then president was not much concerned about them (Tempelhof and Omar 2).Advertising Looking for essay on asian? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Revolution in Libya was initiated by different groups that were opposed to the governance of President Mummar Gadhafi. These groups had no indications of planning the events that resulted in the conflicts. However, the groups had similar mission. They reinforced each other to attain what they wanted. Some groups that were mentioned include civil society, youth movements and several rebel soldiers who defected from the government to join other militia groups who wanted change (Tempelhof and Omar 3-6). Politics is used by leaders to divide people into smaller groups that are set against each other and, therefore, are unable to concentrate with the leadership. Ethnicity in Libya became a great cause of division. For example, the region of Misrata under the in fluence of political powers of anti-Gadhafi followers attacked their neighbors, Tawergha. In the same way, the Zinatans attacked their neighbors in Mashashya village (International Crisis Group 2). Economic differences are players in the conflicts. In Libya west, Zuwarans were suffering from unequal government investment in their town as opposed to their neighbors in Jmail. In the same issue, the Zuwarans claimed that their land was invaded by the newly settled Jmail and Rijdalin (International Crisis Group 6). Religious divide was not a big problem since Libya is more populated by Muslims. In Libya, propaganda was propagated through the media that made groups in conflict to be more charged against their opponents. In two cases, the fighters within communities were cheated that their neighbors were arming to attack them. These people were forced to arm themselves in response to threats they anticipated. For example, Surmans were convinced that Zintans were coming to rape their women and kill them (International Crisis Group 2).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Arab Spring in North Africa and the Middle East specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The conflicts in Libya resulted in killing of many Libyans and destruction of property. The Libyans realized a new regime. In my view, social media contributes to escalation of conflicts. Media services cause transmission of information, which causes more division within the group in conflict. Works Cited International Crisis Group. â€Å"Divided We Stand: Libya’s Enduring Conflicts.†Middle East/North Africa Report N °130, 2012. Web. Tempelhof, Susanne Tarkowski and Omar, Manal. â€Å"Stakeholders of Libya’s February 17 Revolution.†United States Institute of Peace Special Report, 2012. Web. https://www.usip.org/sites/default/files/resources/SR%20300.pdf This essay on Arab Spring in North Africa and the Middle East was written and submitted by user Jocelynn Schultz to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.
Friday, March 6, 2020
All About the French Regular Verb Passer (to Pass)
All About the French Regular Verb 'Passer' ('to Pass') Passer (to pass) is a very common and useful regular -er verb, by far the largest group of verbs in the French language. It may be used as a transitive verb that takes a direct object or an intransitive verb, and in doing so, its compound tenses are conjugated with either avoir or à ªtre. Intransitive Passer à ªtre With no direct object, passer means to pass and requires à ªtre in the compound tenses: Le train va passer dans cinq minutes.  The train is going to pass / go past in five minutes.Nous sommes passà ©s devant la porte midi.  We passed by the door at noon When followed by an infinitive, passer means to go / come to do something: Je vais passer te voir demain.  Ill come (by to) see you tomorrow.Pouvez-vous passer acheter du pain ?  Can you go buy some bread? Transitive Passer Avoir When passer is transitive and has a direct object, it means to pass, to cross, to go through, and it requires avoir as the auxiliary verb in the compound tenses. On doit passer la rivià ¨re avant le coucher du soleil. We need to cross the river before sunset.Il a dà ©j passà © la porte.  He has already gone through the door. Passer is also used transitively with a period of time to mean to spend: Nous allons passer deux semaines en France.  Were going to spend two weeks in FranceJai passà © trois mois sur ce livre.   I spent 3 months on that book Transitive versus Intransitive While the meanings are nearly the same, the difference is in the object (the noun following the verb). If there is no object, or if a preposition separates the verb and object, the verb is intransitive, as in Je suis passà © devant la porte. If theres no preposition, as in Jai passà © la porte, its transitive. Se Passer The pronominal se passer most often means to take place, to happen, or, in reference to time, to go by. Quest-ce qui se passe ?  Whats going on?Tout sest bien passà ©.  Everything went smoothly.Deux jours se sont passà ©s.  Two days went by. Expressions With Passer With idiomatic expressions using the French verb passer, you can butter someone up, handcuff someone, kick the bucket, and more. passer  clothing  to slip on/intopasser  infinitive  to go do somethingpasser la douane  to go through customspasser la radio/tà ©là ©  to be on the radio/TVpasser lheure dà ©tà ©Ã‚  to turn the clocks foward, begin daylight saving timepasser lheure dhiver  to turn the clocks back, end daylight saving timepasser pas lents  to pass slowlypasser de bons moments  to have a good timepasser de bouche en bouche  to be rumored aboutpasser des faux billets  to pass forged moneypasser devant Monsieur le maire  to get marriedpasser du coq là ¢ne  to change the subject, make a non sequiturpasser en courant  to run pastpasser en revue  to list; to go over in ones mind, go through (figurative) passer (en)  ordinal number  to put in ___ gearpasser là ¢ge de  to be too old forpasser larme gauche (familiar)  to kick the bucketpasser la journà ©e/soirà ©e  to spend the day/eveningpasser la main d ans le dos quelquun  to butter someone uppasser la tà ªte la porte  to poke ones head around the door passer le cap  to get past the worst, turn the corner, get over the hurdlepasser le cap des 40 ans  to turn 40passer le poteau  to cross the finish linepasser les bornes  to go too farpasser les menottes quelquun  to handcuff someonepasser par  to go through (an experience or intermediary)passer par de dures à ©preuves  to go through some rough timespasser par toutes les couleurs de larc-en-ciel  to blush to the roots of ones hair, to turn pale (from fear)passer par luniversità ©  to go through collegepasser pour  to take for, be taken forpasser quelque chose quelquun  to pass/hand something to someonepasser quelque chose aux/par profits et pertes  to write something off (as a loss)passer quelque chose en fraude  to smuggle somethingpasser quelque chose sous silence  to pass something over in silencepasser quelquun tabac  to beat someone uppasser quelquun par les armes  to shoot someone by firing squadpasser sa colà ¨re sur quelqu un  to take out ones anger on someone passer sa mauvaise humeur sur quelquun  to take out ones bad mood on someonepasser sa vie faire  to spend ones life doing Conjugations You can see all the tenses of passer, both simple and compound, conjugated elsewhere. For now, below is the present tense to illustrate that passer hews exactly to regular -er conjugation endings. Present tense: je passetu passesil passenous passonsvous passezils passent
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